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Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder causing synovial inflammation, joint destruction, disability, and systemic complications. Despite advances in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics, many patients experience partial response, side effects, or long-term dependency. Ayurveda describes a condition similar to RA as Amavata, arising from impaired digestion (Agnimandya) and accumulation of Ama (metabolic toxins) leading to joint inflammation. Panchakarma, the cornerstone of Ayurvedic therapeutics, offers detoxification, dosha balance, and tissue rejuvenation, making it a potential adjunct to modern RA management. Methods: A systematic review of Ayurvedic texts and modern biomedical literature was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2000–2024. Keywords included Panchakarma, Amavata, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ayurveda, integrative therapy. Inclusion criteria comprised clinical trials, observational studies, experimental research, and review papers assessing Panchakarma interventions in RA. Exclusion criteria involved anecdotal reports, non-peer-reviewed articles, and studies without clear methodology. Results: Ayurvedic texts prescribe Panchakarma procedures such as Snehana (oleation), Swedana (sudation), Virechana (purgation), Basti (medicated enema), and Raktamokshana (bloodletting) for Amavata. Modern clinical trials reveal that Panchakarma, when combined with DMARDs, reduces pain, stiffness, and inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR). Panchakarma improves gut health, enhances immunity, reduces oxidative stress, and modulates inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). Discussion: While Ayurveda emphasizes detoxification and dosha balance, modern science highlights immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Panchakarma. Integrating Panchakarma with conventional RA therapy could improve outcomes, reduce drug dependency, and enhance quality of life. However, more multicentric randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are needed. Conclusion: Panchakarma has strong potential as an adjunct therapy in RA by addressing both symptomatic relief and systemic immune balance. Its integration into modern rheumatology could provide a holistic, patient-centered approach.

KEYWORDS: Amavata, Ayurveda, Panchakarma, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Virechana