Become A Member

Introduction: Ayurveda emphasizes Shodhana (purification) therapies for eliminating vitiated doshas and preventing recurrence of disease. Virechana Karma, therapeutic purgation, is primarily indicated for aggravated Pitta dosha and related disorders. Its systemic cleansing effect, achieved through controlled administration of purgative drugs, has significant implications in hepatobiliary, dermatological, metabolic, and gastrointestinal conditions. Methods: This review synthesized classical Ayurvedic references, commentaries, and modern studies published between 2000–2024. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal, and Google Scholar using keywords “Virechana,” “purgation therapy,” “Pitta disorders,” “Panchakarma,” and “Ayurveda.” Both clinical and experimental studies were reviewed. Inclusion criteria covered English-language articles focusing on Virechana pharmacology, clinical outcomes, and safety, while unrelated or non-English works were excluded. Results: Virechana comprises preparatory (Purva Karma), main (Pradhana Karma), and post-procedures (Paschat Karma). Classical purgatives include Trivrit (Operculina turpethum), Avipattikara Churna, Eranda Taila (castor oil), and formulations with mild to strong potency. Modern research suggests pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotection, lipid regulation, detoxification, antioxidant enhancement, immunomodulation, and improved gut motility. Clinical evidence supports efficacy in chronic liver disease, hyperacidity, psoriasis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Safety is established under expert supervision, though adverse outcomes may occur if contraindications are ignored. Discussion: Ayurveda conceptualizes Virechana as dosha-specific elimination, while modern science explains its effects via laxative, cholagogue, and hepatoprotective properties. Evidence gaps include small clinical samples, lack of biomarkers, and need for standardization of protocols. Conclusion: Virechana Karma is a potent therapeutic modality with preventive, curative, and promotive roles. Its integration into evidence-based practice requires standardization and rigorous validation, bridging traditional insights with modern pharmacological understanding.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Detoxification, Panchakarma, Pitta, Virechana Karma